Bioethics and Environmental Ethics

Bioethics and Environmental Ethics.

Bioethics.

According to the Larousse dictionary, "Bioethics is the set of principles and rules governing human performance with respect to living beings." The subject of bioethics is to be extremely large as well as fascinating. term "bioethics" is presented for the first time by American Van Rensselaer Potter, oncologist, in an article entitled "Bioethics: The Science of Survival" (Bioethics: the sciense of survival) in the journal Perspectives in Biology and Medicine in New York, 1970. Back then, Potter raised the need for the emergence of a new science that deal to reconcile the scientific with the humanistic, to address the continuing destruction to which man submits the ecosystem. In 1971, Potter published his book "Bioethics: bridge to the future", which outlines the necessary realization of a futuristic culture of survival.

The word bioethics, has its etymological roots in the meaning of the words corresponding to two sciences: biology and ethics, each of which contains or includes the conceptual content of other sciences. Biology deals with life, physiology, reproduction, pathology, and everything about the future of existence of living beings. Ethics is concerned with the goodness, wisdom and legality of human behavior.

From Potter's papers, the term bioethics has been interpreted particularly by scientists, philosophers, and thinkers in general, have sized the subject presented in different ways, sometimes even contradicting each other.

At this point, consider understand the meaning and scope of the term bioethics, objectively analyzing biological meaning and what is ethics. Previously, to establish a science.

The Latin root of the word science means knowledge. A science does is establish realities, define situations and events, and give them the force of law perpetual mathematics states that 2 x 2 is 4 and will be 4 forever. Science is concerned with the absolute knowledge, which is, not what could or should be. Science has as support the observation and the exercise of reason.

Morality, in turn, called by Kant "empirical ethics" comes from the Latin word meaning moris usual. Meanwhile, ethics is a Greek word whose meaning is also customary, but with different meaning, say, more noble or high quality characteristic of Greek philosophical thought. This causes the sometimes opposing moral ethics. He also happens to be confusion in the interpretation of the meaning of these terms.

It is common to find multiple interpretations of the concept of morality, all conditioned by a social reality. The moral meaning is influenced by the characteristics of particular societies, which provide for the establishment of patterns of behavior.

Ethics holds a different dimension to the space where morality is exercised. This is not what is right, what all the fashion or established practice or accepted behavior or imposed by any moral system (Catholic moral, moral Muslim). Ethics stems from man's inner and nourished by the same laws that govern the establishment and its importance over time, primarily intended to human behavior. For sure, ethics states that human behavior is good in itself and which is wrong, in the field at all.

However, as in all streams of knowledge, contradictions and conflicts are checked in the interpretation of what is moral and ethics.

In the text "Untold Trilogy I. My Vision of Man", which includes three works by Karol Wojtyla * at bottom of page 25 and beginning of the 26 in the chapter entitled "The Moral and Ethics" then future pope John Paul II, makes an interesting approach on the differentiation between the science of morals and ethics domain:







* Before becoming pope, Karol Wojtyla had served for 25 years professor of ethics at the Catholic University of Lublin, also mentored Ethics School of Lublin and Krakow.

"Now the science of morals do not define what the good or evil, this task belongs to ethics which faces the moral life so descriptive, but normative. Therefore, ethics defines

rules, express judgments about what is good or bad and gives the reasons for these judgments, that is, demonstrates why it is so. "

Biology, in another sense, is the science that studies life in general, the reproduction of the species and their

stay within an ecosystem, of the many that occur in the biosphere, being part of the biosphere

globe in which life is possible, including land, water and air up to ten kilometers above the sea level.

By combining biology and ethical concepts, must be a science that deals with identifying the actions of man affect the normal evolution of the course of the development of life science to promote a harmonious relationship between all living beings and to ensure welfare for all. The defense by the principles established bioethics, has resonated particularly with regard to the practice of medicine (medical bioethics).

Abortion, cloning and genetic modification, have captured the attention of the development of this new science. But as the conceptual scope of bioethics, including identifying human actions that threaten the development of life in general, the limits go far beyond purely medical field. This breadth of the domain of bioethics has given classifications or subdivisions for ease of understanding. So, who are divided into macro global ecological bioethics or ethics and care of the planet, meso bioethics, codes concerning the health professions and micro bioethics is concrete and specific issues. Another division of Ethics, established scientific research ethics, healthcare ethics and environmental ethics, and so on.

The term bioethics has forced schools in the study of knowledge, to reformulate the interpretation of ethics, specifically in relation to human behavior with respect to the creation in general. With the birth of bioethics, and can not be accepted as correct the course that will primarily benefit men. For bioethics, human actions can not affect the normal evolution of the development of creation. Bioethics itself, is the science of life.

Ethics Ambiental.El meaning of this science is the relationship between ethics and environment. We discussed the meaning of ethics. Consider what is environment.

The environment is more fluid material physical and moral circumstances in which someone or something is immersed. The term "environment" involves being a "medium", however it has been generalized to refer to the environment as "environment", obviously about a word. The atmosphere, from the perspective of bioethics, it would be the medium (solid, liquid or gas) where it is possible to develop general life, flora and fauna.

Environmental ethics, therefore, is responsible for the actions of man ientificar that their relationship with the ecosystem, undermine the virtues of the environment, against its stability and quality studies the relationship of man, even their future generations with its particular ecosystem and the biosphere, establishing the behavior is positive for the development of the discourse of creation.

Throughout history many voices have been raised, isolated, and particularly on this subject which now takes precedence. The content of these voices, many of which were ignored, silenced others, serve livelihood today, the foundation, a current of thought that calls for a relationship between man and nature, in accordance with prudence.

The field covers environmental ethics faces the problems facing the planet, because of the bad practices of man. These complications may be international or global and intergenerational nature relating to species interaction.

Environmental ethics encompasses internationally to the extent that the behavior of one country can affect the normal development of other biological processes or other countries, global warming, the hole in the ozone layer, acid rain, the degradation, are examples of damage that can lead to irresponsibility in the conduct of one or more countries on the ecological stability of the entire planet.

Likewise, the field of study of environmental ethics faces those actions of this generation that endanger the welfare of future generations. The specific interpersonal problems are those that affect the survival of nonhuman species.

In conclusion, bioethics is the science that deals with regulating human action with respect to living things, environmental ethics is concerned with identifying the wisdom and sanity of the conduct of men before the half that supports the existence of life.